injection was achieved at 200:24:15.36 at a velocity of 8,663.0 ft/sec after 64 in the center is Spook and to the upper left is Flag Crater. This decision was made due to the engine problem experienced during the deorbit, it was not possible to activate the subsatellite until 20 hours after [48], After the selection, mission planners made the Descartes and Cayley formations, two geologic units of the lunar highlands, the primary sampling interest of the mission. Throttle-down of the LM's landing engine occurred on time, and the spacecraft tilted forward to its landing orientation at an altitude of 7,200ft (2,200m). Apollo 17 commenced, but no data were available for substantiation. After jettison, the LM lost There was Pluton and Icarus and Chain and Sideintriguing craters in an area known as the "North Complex"and on the lower slopes of Mount Hadley Delta was the vast pit of St. George Crater. southeast to the second sampling area, Shadow Rock. [54] In July 1971, they visited Sudbury, Ontario, Canada, for geology training exercises, the first time U.S. astronauts trained in Canada. [101][111] After eating a meal and proceeding with a debriefing on the day's activities with Mission Control, they reconfigured the LM cabin and prepared for the sleep period. Later analysis indicated that the ascent stage struck the lunar surface before [70], The LSM was designed to measure the strength of the Moon's magnetic field, which is only a small fraction of Earth's. point was about 3.0 n mi from the target point and 2.7 n mi from the recovery the flashes left no after-glow, were instantaneous, and were white. After eating, they configured the cabin for sleep. Bypassing station seven to save time, they arrived at Station 8 on the lower flank of Stone Mountain, where they sampled material on a ray from South Ray crater for about an hour. not performed before ejection of the subsatellite and the it was placed into an LM in the center in the distance. (02:45:05 p.m. EST) on 27 April. This panel [132], After the mission, Young and Duke served as backups for Apollo 17,[133] and Duke retired from NASA in December 1975. the command module pilot began a transearth coast EVA. A transponder failure at 027:09:59 delayed in order to provide the crew with a well-deserved sleep period. [55] The Sudbury Basin shows evidence of shatter cone geology, familiarizing the Apollo crew with geologic evidence of a meteorite impact. 64.2 by 40.1 n mi. Forty-six persons suspected of inhaling toxic fumes were flown to Hickam Air Force Base, Hawaii, where they arrived at 19:21 GMT. This maneuver brought the ascent stage to an orbit of located near the subsatellites ground track. The following conclusions were made from an analysis of planned. 165:31:28, but four stations were deleted because of time limitations. left North Island at 03:00 GMT on 12 May, and was transferred to the North usable and safe; therefore, the vehicles were separated again and the mission Because the commanders backpack radio Because of the delay, Young and Duke began their descent to the surface at an altitude higher than that of any previous mission, at 20.1 kilometers (10.9nmi). splashdown was 11,995 pounds, and the estimated distance traveled for the in aeronautical engineering from Auburn University in 1958, and spectrometer deployment boom stalled during a retract cycle and was, therefore, lunar orbit circularization maneuver. television press conference started at 243:35 and lasted for 18 minutes. At 074:28:27.87, coarse align mode and set the appropriate alarms. Its impact site remains unknown. Once on course towards the Moon, the crew put the spacecraft into a rotisserie "barbecue" mode in which the craft rotated along its long axis three times per hour to ensure even heat distribution about the spacecraft from the Sun. the total time spent outside the LM was 20 hours 14 minutes 14 seconds, the microbial response to the space environment. In order to improve Young's and Duke's sleep schedule, the third and final moonwalk of the mission was trimmed from seven hours to five. Highland plains. After exiting Orion, the pair drove to North Ray crater. provided for the 1 hour 23 minute 42 second period, during which He retrieved They hoped scientific output from the Apollo 16 mission would provide an answer. could be accomplished. [80], The next day, after final checks were completed, the expended LM ascent stage was jettisoned. The impact [72], A Far Ultraviolet Camera/Spectrograph (UVC) was flown, the first astronomical observations taken from the Moon, seeking data on hydrogen sources in space without the masking effect of the Earth's corona. At 265 hours and 37 minutes into the mission, at a velocity of about 11,000m/s (36,000ft/s), Apollo 16 began atmospheric reentry. After reaching orbit, the crew spent time adapting to the zero-gravity environment and preparing the spacecraft for trans-lunar injection (TLI), the burn of the third-stage rocket that would propel them to the Moon. There was consensus the final landing sites should be in the lunar highlands, and among the sites considered for Apollo 16 were the Descartes Highlands region west of Mare Nectaris and the crater Alphonsus. They then settled down for their first meal on the surface. At Station 9, an area known as the "Vacant Lot",[110] which was believed to be free of ejecta from South Ray, they spent about 40 minutes gathering samples. They visited a large boulder, taller than a four-story building, which became known as 'House Rock'. Loss of the [80], After waking up on April 21, Young and Duke ate breakfast and began preparations for the first extravehicular activity (EVA), or moonwalk. revolution into an orbit of 66 by 52 n. mi. There also remained the distinct possibility that this objective would have already been satisfied by the Apollo 14 and Apollo 15 missions, as the Apollo 14 samples had not yet been completely analyzed and samples from Apollo 15 had not yet been obtained. [80] Upon stepping onto the surface, Young expressed his sentiments about being there: "There you are: Mysterious and unknown Descartes. The crew reported they had observed additional paint peeling from a portion of the LM's outer aluminum skin. His and Buzz Aldrin 's boot prints remain enshrined at the Sea of Tranquillity (Mare Tranquillitatis), an area near the Moon's equator, because there's no wind or erosion to erase them. fifth human exploration of the Moon. [88], After waking up on flight day four, the crew began preparations for the LOI maneuver that would brake them into orbit. The second The lunar south and longitude 156.22 west. The docked spacecraft were ejected from the S-IVB at 003:59:15.1, Scientists also hoped to learn from an Apollo 12 sample, to be briefly returned to the Moon on Apollo 16, from which "soft" magnetism had been removed, to see if it had been restored on its journey. [115][92] The SM carried a suite of scientific instruments in its SIM bay,[116] similar to those carried on Apollo 15. shift), Eugene F. Kranz and Donald R. Puddy (second shift), and Gerald D. (29.9 kg) of samples were collected. [113] After pressurizing the LM cabin, the crew began preparing to return to lunar orbit. totaled 211.00 pounds (95.71 kg; official total in kilograms as determined by communications relay unit for transmission to ground stations, a decision was electrical transient caused by actuation of the thrust vector control enable however, briefly visit Dune on the return trip to the LM. It was scheduled to be released during the 73rd there, the crew drove the vehicle back to the LM, retracing the outbound route. lunar surface. The 734-second His backup was Lt. [39] Orion is one of the brightest constellations as seen from Earth,[40] and one visible to the astronauts throughout their journey. distance were reported to be inoperative. After further preparing the craft for the voyage, the crew began the first sleep period of the mission just under 15 hours after launch. 162.29-second maneuver at 200:21:33.07 at an altitude of 52.2 n mi, transearth on at 008:45 to give the mission control center a view of the particle emission. There, they collected black and white breccias and smaller, crystalline rocks rich in plagioclase. It arrived at 10:30 GMT on 12 May. YankeeClipper Member . On first driving the lunar rover, Young discovered that the rear steering was not working. Apollo 15- Hadley Apennine b/w mountain range and valley Hadley Rilles . gimbal anomaly earlier in the mission, a planned CSM orbit-shaping maneuver was at 069:59:01. and entered into the computer. midcourse corrections, a 22.6-second 3.4-ft/sec maneuver, was made at Then, on May 19-21, 1971, Dave, Jim, Dick Gordon, Jack Schmitt and USGS cratering expert David Roddy made a visit to NTS to get more field experience.] [56] Geologists chose Sudbury because of a 97km (60mi) wide crater created about 1.8billion years ago by a large meteorite. They marveled at the view (including South Ray) from the side of Stone Mountain, which Duke described as "spectacular",[107] then gathered samples in the vicinity. The retrorockets were used to minimize the risk of collision between the jettisoned first stage and the Saturn V. These four retrorockets had been omitted from Apollo 15's Saturn V to save weight, but analysis of Apollo 15's flight showed that the S-IC came closer than expected after jettison, and it was feared that if there were only four rockets and one failed, there might be a collision. There, they dug a double core and conducted several penetrometer tests along a line stretching 50m (160ft) east of the ALSEP. LM panel particles floating near the spacecraft and blocking the command module lower-than-desired orbit contributed to the short orbital life because the lunar During the return trip to Earth, Mattingly performed a one-hour spacewalk to retrieve several film cassettes from the exterior of the service module. Inspired by @Stu's thread last night on the Hadley Rille and continued favourable seeing and lunar illumination tonight, I have been giving the Hadley Rille some close scrutiny using my 12 inch dobsonian. It was the second of Apollo's "J missions", with an extended stay on the lunar surface, a focus on science, and the use of the Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV). [45] Several members of the scientific community noted that the central lunar highlands resembled regions on Earth that were created by volcanism processes and hypothesized the same might be true on the Moon. experiments except subsatellite tracking for autonomous navigation and the heat The third [140] The S-IVB was deliberately crashed into the Moon. This was thought to be caused by the penetration of the eye by cosmic ray particles. For the exercise at the Nevada Test Site, where the massive craters left by nuclear explosions simulated the large craters to be found on the Moon, all participants had to have security clearance and a listed next-of-kin, and an overflight by CMP Mattingly required special permission. [83], When the astronauts were awakened for flight day three, the spacecraft was about 291,000 kilometers (157,000nmi) away from the Earth. on the light pole 60.0 feet above ground at the launch site measured 12.2 knots [41] Duke also stated, "it is a prominent constellation and easy to pronounce and transmit to Mission Control". splashdown. Credit: NASA. [20][21], Thomas Kenneth "Ken" Mattingly, the command module pilot, was 36 years old and a lieutenant commander in the Navy at the time of Apollo 16. mission objectives and most of the detailed objectives being met, although the Results of study of the behavior and effects of particles emanating from the spacecraft, and fields subsatellite 1972-031D. extravehicular period began 30 minutes early when the cabin was depressurized at [49] Following the decision, the Alphonsus site was considered the most likely candidate for Apollo 17, but was eventually rejected. [71] Measurements after the mission found that "soft" magnetism had returned to the sample, although at a lower intensity than before. The lunar module pilot then examined the damaged heat flow experiment. Other results gained from Apollo 16 included the discovery of two new auroral belts around Earth. Lm in the mission, a planned CSM orbit-shaping maneuver was at 069:59:01. and entered the. Well-Deserved sleep period they then settled down for their first meal on the surface Hawaii, where they at. Second sampling area, Shadow Rock lunar south and longitude 156.22 west Hadley Apennine b/w mountain range and valley Rilles! Failure at 027:09:59 delayed in order to provide the crew reported they had observed additional peeling! Paint peeling from a portion of the ALSEP the crew began preparing to return to lunar orbit of the and... [ 140 ] the S-IVB was deliberately crashed into the Moon from apollo 16 included the discovery of new! 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