[84] He cancelled Juxon-Smith's construction of a church and mosque on the grounds of Victoria Park (now known as Freetown Amusement Park since 2017). Inland from the coastal plain is the interior plains region. Although the British government recommended leniency, Cardew insisted on sending the chief and two allies into exile in the Gold Coast; his government hanged 96 of the chief's warriors. Poyo bars are areas of lively informal debate about politics, football, basketball, entertainment and other issues. Sierra Leone's capital Freetown is located in the Western Area of the country and its makes up the Western Area Urban District . Later, Margai used the same skills to win over opposition leaders and moderate Krio elements to achieve independence from the UK.[70]. One traditional leader from each district occupies a seat in Sierra Leone's parliament. [110], Until 2002, Sierra Leone lacked a forest management system because of the civil war that caused tens of thousands of deaths. There are two mountain ranges in this province, and it is one of two provinces without any coastline. Deforestation rates have increased 7.3% since the end of the civil war. The country had its first general elections as an independent nation on 27 May 1961. The ratio of men and women in Bo District, Sierra Leone. Habitat degradation for the African wild dog, Lycaon pictus, has been increased, such that this canid is deemed to have been extirpated in Sierra Leone. Unpublished master's dissertation (London: Open University, 2013), pp. #1 Bonthe District Settlement Population: 200,730 Updated: 2020-04-01 Bonthe District is a district comprises several islands and mainland of the Atlantic Ocean in the Southern Province of Sierra Leone. Port Loko District is a district in the North West Province of Sierra Leone. The overwhelming majority of Sierra Leonean Muslims, are adherent to the Sunni tradition of Islam in practice. On 20 April 1960, Milton Margai led a 24-member Sierra Leonean delegation at constitutional conferences that were held with the Government of Queen Elizabeth II and British Colonial Secretary Iain Macleod in negotiations for independence held in London. The British annexation of the Protectorate interfered with the sovereignty of indigenous chiefs. FM relays of the BBC World Service (in Freetown, Bo, Kenema and Makeni), Radio France Internationale (Freetown only) and Voice of America (Freetown only) are also broadcast. [159] It is located near the Seli River and Freetown and was estimated to produce about 50 megawatts of electricity. 50%. In 2014, an Ebola virus epidemic in Sierra Leone began that widely affected the country,[96] including forcing Sierra Leone to declare a state of emergency. [72][73], On the conclusion of talks in London on 4 May 1960, the United Kingdom agreed to grant Sierra Leone independence on 27 April 1961. [88] The situation has improved considerably since then with primary school enrolment doubling between 2001 and 2005 and the reconstruction of many schools since the end of the war. Its now home to a diverse group of inhabitants and is also where the Bai Bureh Warriors hail from, one of Sierra Leones oldest and most famous football clubs. But if a woman gets married, she will not be entitled as the head of the house any more. The APC named a new presidential candidate to succeed Stevens at party's last delegate conference, held in Freetown in November 1985. Following the American Revolution, more than 3,000 Black Loyalists had also been settled in Nova Scotia, where they were finally granted land. In September 2014 there were many Districts with travel restrictions including Kailahun, Kenema, Bombali, Tonkolili, and Port Loko because of Ebola. The Susu and Yalunka kingdom was established in the early fifth seventh century[clarification needed] before the Mali empire, which was extended from Mali, Senegal, Guinea Bissau, Guinea Conakry to the northern part of Sierra Leone. Though according to Professor C. Magbaily Fyle, this might have been a misinterpretation from historians. Chiefdoms [ edit] Further information: Chiefdoms of Sierra Leone The chiefdoms of Sierra Leone. Highlighting the specifics, the report shows that women still make up the majority of Sierra Leones population at three million, eight hundred and twenty thousand, nine hundred and fifty-five (3,820,955) which is 50.6% of the total population. 113,185 (2015); Katu Town Urban Area: pop. Sheikh Muhammad Taha Jalloh is the president of the Sierra Leone Supreme Islamic Council. One of the most popular tourist destinations in Sierra Leone is located in this province: Outamba-Kilimi National Park. The demonstration was quickly put down by the army and Stevens' own personal Special Security Division (SSD), a heavily armed paramilitary force he had created to protect him and maintain his hold on power. 50%. The Yalunka also spelled Jallonke, Yalonga, Djallonk, Djallonka or Dialonk, are Mande people who have lived in the Djallon, a mountainous region in Sierra Leone, Mali, Senegal, Guinea Bissau and Guinea Conakry West Africa over 520 years ago. Supreme executive authority rests in the president and members of his cabinet and judicial power with the judiciary of which the Chief Justice of Sierra Leone is the head. When Sierra Leone gained independence in 1961, the Royal Sierra Leone Military Force was created from the Sierra Leone Battalion of the West African Frontier Force. [39], The settlers that remained forcibly captured land from a local African chieftain, but he retaliated, attacking the settlement, which was reduced to a mere 64 settlers comprising 39 black men, 19 black women, and six white women. Compared to the 2000 survey access has increased in urban areas, but has declined in rural areas, possibly because facilities have broken down because of a lack of maintenance.[236][238]. [225], According to 2017 estimates, Sierra Leone has the third highest maternal mortality rate in the world. [221] The founding members of the Coalition included the Sierra Leone Red Cross Society (the first chairing organisation), LFR International (proposed the formation), the University of Makeni, Agency for Rural Community Transformation, and the Holy Spirit Hospital. By 2004, the disarmament process was complete. Within the confines of the 1991 Constitution, supreme legislative powers are vested in Parliament, which is the law-making body of the nation. [103] The country's population is mostly young, with an estimated 41.7% under 15, and rural, with an estimated 62% of people living outside the cities. Bio would then return the country back to a democratic republic in 1996 through a general election. [235], The water supply in Sierra Leone is characterised by limited access to safe drinking water. Many Sierra Leonean youth, children and adults follow the major football leagues in Europe, particularly the English Premier League, Italian Serie A, Spanish La Liga, German Bundesliga and French Ligue 1. [213] Students at primary schools are usually 6 to 12 years old, and in secondary schools 13 to 18. In Freetown, the Guma Valley Water Company remains in charge of the water supply. Along the streets of towns and cities across Sierra Leone, one can find foods consisting of fruit, vegetables and snacks such as fresh mangoes, oranges, pineapple, fried plantains, ginger beer, fried potato, fried cassava with pepper sauce; small bags of popcorn or peanuts, bread, roasted corn, or skewers of grilled meat or shrimp. Four of these are provinces, and one is simply called the Western Area. Lieutenant Sandy was given a state funeral and his funeral prayers service at the cathedral church in Freetown was attended by many high-ranking soldiers of the NPRC junta, including Strasser himself and NPRC deputy leader Sergeant Solomon Musa. In the 2004 census, Waterloo had a population of 34,079. The current Inspector General of Police is Brima Acha Kamara, who was appointed to the position by former president Ahmad Tejan Kabbah. Sierra Leone Police was established by the British colony in 1894; it is one of the oldest police forces in West Africa. Former President Siaka Stevens' government had sought closer relations with other West African countries under the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) a policy continued by the current government. By January 2002, the war was declared over. On 25 May 1997, 17 soldiers in the Sierra Leone army led by Corporal Tamba Gborie, loyal to the detained Major Johnny Paul Koroma, launched a military coup which sent President Kabbah into exile in Guinea and they established the Armed Forces Revolutionary Council (AFRC). Bai Sherbro was a chief and warrior on Bonthe Island, in the southwestern part of the country. The town lies about 30 miles . Sierra Leone's former Vice-President Alhaji Samuel Sam-Sumana is an ethnic Kono. The situation in the country deteriorated to such an extent that British troops were deployed in Operation Palliser, originally simply to evacuate foreign nationals. Like Stevens, Momoh was also a member of the minority Limba ethnic group. . 132 members are elected concurrently with the presidential elections; the other 16 seats are filled by paramount chiefs from the country's 16 administrative districts. Since 1985, the nation did not conduct any census for 19 years. No style is the best. The three least populated districts are Karene, Falaba, and Koinadugu with 3.8%, 2.2%, and 2.7% respectively of the total population. With Strasser's two most senior NPRC allies and commanders Lieutenant Sahr Sandy and Lieutenant Solomon Musa no longer around to defend him, Strasser's leadership within the NPRC's Supreme Council of State became fragile. The SLPP, which was then the most popular political party in the colony of Sierra Leone as well as being supported by the powerful paramount chiefs in the provinces, won the most seats in Parliament and Margai was re-elected as Chief Minister by a landslide. [126][127] The RSLMF remained a single-service organisation until 1979, when the Sierra Leone Navy was established. Its capital, Falaba, was on the rich trading routes leading to the coast. Koidu town is considered to be the fourth largest city by population in Sierra Leone after Freetown, Bo, Kenema, and Makeni with a population of 92,770. This left them traumatised, with an estimated 400,000 people (by 2009) being mentally ill. Thousands of former child soldiers have fallen into substance abuse as they try to blunt their memories. The pastor while in Sierra Leone police custody apologised to Sierra Leonean Muslims and to the government of Sierra Leone. [79] Not having the capital to start a new business is the biggest barrier for women. In eastern Sierra Leone the plateau is interspersed with high mountains, where Mount Bintumani reaches 1,948m (6,391ft), the highest point in the country. Clarkson initially banned the survivors of Granville Town from joining the new settlement, blaming them for the demise of Granville Town. Sierra Leone is a major producer of gem-quality diamonds. The Kamajors, a group of traditional fighters mostly from the Mende ethnic group under the command of deputy Defence Minister Samuel Hinga Norman, remained loyal to President Kabbah and defended the Southern part of Sierra Leone from the soldiers. The Sierra Leone Armed Forces consist of around 15,500 personnel, comprising the largest Sierra Leone Army,[122] the Sierra Leone Navy and the Sierra Leone Air Wing. The soldiers immediately released Koroma from prison and installed him as their chairman and Head of State. Sierra Leone has one of the world's largest deposits of rutile, a titanium ore used as paint pigment and welding rod coatings. He was neither corrupt nor did he make a lavish display of his power or status. [157] A 2012 study was done on the correlation between Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI), and burning biomass fuels in the home. The RSLMF was renamed as the Armed Forces of the Republic of Sierra Leone (AFRSL). Each one of Sierra Leone's sixteen administrative districts (with the exception of the Western Area Urban District) is governed by a directly elected district council headed by a council chairman. Stevens was sworn in as Prime Minister on 21 March 1967. Other minor political parties have also existed but with no significant support.[117]. As designated by the Sierra Leone Constitution, the vice-president is to become the new president of Sierra Leone upon the death, resignation, or removal of the President. In 2008, CDC began supporting Sierra Leone's HIV response through the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR). 4043. In 1562, the English initiated the Triangular Trade when admiral Sir John Hawkins of the Royal Navy transported 300 enslaved Africans acquired "by the sword and partly by other means" to the Spanish colony of Santo Domingo on Hispaniola in the Caribbean Sea area of the West Indies islands, where he sold them. Females, experiencing higher levels of rapes, presented greater signs of depression and anxiety. The candidate was Major General Joseph Saidu Momoh, head of the Sierra Leone Armed Forces and Stevens' own choice to succeed him. [42] William Pitt the Younger, prime minister and leader of the Tory party, had an active interest in the Scheme because he saw it as a means to repatriate the Black Poor to Africa, since "it was necessary they should be sent somewhere, and be no longer suffered to infest the streets of London". The Fula are virtually all Muslims at over 99%. [28] The use of iron was adopted by the ninth century, and by 1000 AD, agriculture was being practised along the coast. Area figures are derived from geospatial data. Under President Stevens, the SSD had been a powerful personal force used to maintain his hold on power, independent from the Sierra Leone Military and Sierra Leone Police Force. Many Ahmadiyya Muslims in Sierra Leone also follow the Maliki Jurisprudence. Another prominent figure in Sierra Leone history is Bai Sherbro (c.18301912). He, like Bai Bureh, resisted the British. The president is the highest and most influential position within the government of Sierra Leone. It also has one of the lowest population densities in the country with just over 400,000 people recorded in the 2015 census. [61] The British established Fourah Bay College in 1827, which rapidly became a magnet for English-speaking Africans on the West Coast. [52], On 1 January 1808, Thomas Ludlam, the Governor of the Sierra Leone Company and a leading abolitionist, surrendered the company's charter. The Crown subdued the revolt by bringing in forces of more than 500Jamaican Maroons, whom they transported from Cudjoe's Town (Trelawny Town) via Nova Scotia in 1800. It also borders Liberia and each of Sierra Leones five administrative regions. Islam and Christianity are the two main religions in the country. Ajisafe's church was temporarily shut down by the Sierra Leone government and his church licence was temporarily suspended too. Bunce Island became a prime spot for transporting slaves to Europe and America. [131] Each chiefdom has ruling families that were recognised at that time; the Tribal Authority, made up of local notables, elects the paramount chief from the ruling families. Waterloo is the second largest city in the Western Area region of Sierra Leone, after Freetown. Sierra Leone is regarded as one of the most religiously tolerant countries in the world. [69] Owing to the astute politics of Milton Margai, the educated Protectorate elites were able to join forces with the paramount chiefs in the face of Krio intransigence. Sierra Leone is the first African country to join the International Floorball Federation. [115] Bio defeated Samura Kamara of the ruling All People's Congress (APC) in the country's tightly contested 2018 presidential election. However, on 23 March 1967, a group of military officers in the Sierra Leone Army led by Brigadier General Andrew Juxon-Smith, staged a counter coup against Commander Lansana. Bo is closely behind Kenema with 10.0%, whilst Western Rural, Kono and Western Area Urban with 8.8%, 8.2%, and 8.1% are third, fourth and fifth respectively. (2003), Book review: "The Athens of West Africa: A History of International Education at Fourah Bay College, Freetown, Sierra Leone by Daniel J. Paracka Jr. New York: Routledge". "Gbendembu" had a larger population of 12,139 in that census. It is the second-most important city in terms of transportation, economy, and education after Freetown. Its also the seat of the Sierra Leone government. Be the first to get the latest news, music and videos trending in Sierra Leone. [240][241] In early August 2014 Guinea closed its borders to Sierra Leone to help contain the spreading of the virus, which originated in Guinea, as more new cases of the disease were being reported in Sierra Leone than in Guinea. Rising above the plateau are a number of mountain masses; in the northeast, the Loma Mountains are crowned by Mount Loma Mansa (Mount Bintimani) at 6,391 feet (1,948 metres), and the Tingi Mountains rise to 6,080 feet (1,853 metres) at Sankanbiriwa Peak. [citation needed] Stevens also reduced ethnic polarisation in government by incorporating members of various ethnic groups into his all-dominant APC government. [39] However, on the voyage between Plymouth, England and Sierra Leone, seventy European girlfriends and wives accompanied the Black Poor settlers. Pressures to end colonialism had as much to do with Britains weakened position following World War II as it did with the pan-African demands for autonomy. [209], In the labour field, it is expected that the household will financially provide for the needs of the family. South Surah, Al Zahra, Block 1, Street 5, Building 22/614, 2023 Copyright - All rights Reserved - Embassy of Sierra Leone, Qatar Education Above All to Support 45,000 Out of School Children in Sierra Leone, Sierra Leones Foreign Minister discusses bilateral and multilateral issues with Qatar Foreign Minister, presents Sierra Leone candidature bid for UNSC non-permanent category for 2024-2025, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation, Sierra Leone Investment and Export Promoting Agency. [66] Bureh surrendered on 11 November 1898 to end the destruction of his people's territory and dwellings. Makeni is also governed by a directly elected city council that is headed by the Mayor. The central African countries are the most prevalent of EVD; like the Democratic Republic of Congo, Sudan, Uganda, and Gabon[239], In 2014 there was an outbreak of the Ebola virus in West Africa. The much smaller Vai and Kru peoples are primarily found in Kailahun and Pujehun Districts near the border with Liberia. [209] As in the rest of the countries, education is a key factor in succeeding in aspects such as a well-paid job and covering the needs of a house. [153] In the 1970s and early 1980s, economic growth rate slowed because of a decline in the mining sector and increasing corruption among government officials. The Western Area Urban District, including Freetown, the capital and largest city, has a population density of 1,224 persons per square km. Diamond mining has been an important part of Sierra Leones history since diamonds were discovered here in the 1930s. Margai's Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP) won a plurality of parliamentary seats and he was re-elected Prime Minister. However, the main suspect, Major S.I.M. The park is home to elephants, hippos, buffaloes, and many chimpanzees it's also listed as a protected area by the UN Environment Programme (UNEP). Koidu Town is home to two of the ten most rough and largest diamonds in the world and was found in the Woyie River which flows through the city. They have no tradition of origin, and it is believed that they have lived in Sierra Leone since before the European encounter. However, Stevens' hand-picked successor Joseph Saidu Momoh promised to return the country to a multi-party system; a new constitution was adopted in 1991 that provided the means for a multi-party democracy. In his first public broadcast to the nation following the 1996 coup, Brigadier Bio stated that his support for returning Sierra Leone to a democratically elected civilian government and his commitment to ending the civil war were his motivations for the coup. [159] Amongst all these projects, both finished and potential, the Bumbuna dam still remains the largest of the hydroelectric projects in Sierra Leone. The Kru predominate in the Kroubay neighbourhood in the capital of Freetown. The army was devoted to Bangura, and this made him potentially dangerous to Stevens. The best is that Maphill lets you look at Lungi, Port Loko, Northern, Sierra Leone from many different perspectives. Sierra Leone's capital Freetown is located in the Western Area of the country and its makes up the Western Area Urban District. The area is a peninsula and contains Freetown, the capital city of the country. The Lungi International Airport located in the coastal town of Lungi in Northern Sierra Leone is the primary airport for domestic and international travel to or from Sierra Leone. Highlighting the specifics, the report shows that women still make up the majority of Sierra Leones population at three million, eight hundred and twenty thousand, nine hundred and fifty-five (3,820,955) which is 50.6% of the total population. Sierra Leone is home to about sixteen ethnic groups, each with its own language. It is the wealthiest region in Sierra Leone and also acts as the countrys cultural and financial center. The Parliament of Sierra Leone is unicameral, with 146 seats. Protesters have been killed by security forces, as have prison rioters (in one incident at Pademba Road Prison, 30 inmates and one correction officer were killed). The airport has paved runways longer than 3,047 metres (9,997 feet). To be qualified as a Member of Parliament, the person must be a citizen of Sierra Leone, must be at least 21 years old, must be able to speak, read and write the English language with a degree of proficiency to enable him to actively take part in proceedings in Parliament; and must not have any criminal conviction. This allowed the crown to organize labour forces for timber cutting or mining, to grow cash crops for export, or to send work expeditions to plantations as far away as the Congo. Realizing that he lacked sufficient strength, he resorted to diplomacy. [189][190][191][192][193] Other Christian Protestant denominations with significant presence in the country include Presbyterians,[194] Baptists,[195] Seventh-day Adventists[196] Anglicans,[197] Lutherans,[198][199] and Pentecostals. [79] With the lack of technology, mostly in all Sierra Leone, it is hard to help a business to function. An alleged plot to overthrow president Stevens failed in 1974 and its leaders were executed. Sierra Leone is home to Sub-Saharan Africa's first Western-style university: Fourah Bay College (established in 1827). On 5 July 1994 SAJ Musa, who was popular among the general population, particularly in Freetown, was arrested and sent into exile after he was accused of planning a coup to topple Strasser, an accusation SAJ Musa denied. At the end of the 19th century, the industry went into decline, and when radio was introduced in the 1930s, it became the primary communication media in the country. Many senior officers in the Sierra Leone Army were greatly disappointed with Stevens' policies and his handling of the Sierra Leone Military, but none could confront Stevens. [21] Ahmad Tejan Kabbah won the 1996 presidential election and became the first multi-party democratically elected president of Sierra Leone. [65] The defeat of the Temne and Mende in the Hut Tax war ended mass resistance to the Protectorate and colonial government, but intermittent rioting and labour unrest continued throughout the colonial period. After 11 years, the country conducted another census in 1974, in that headcount, the population grew to two million, seven hundred and thirty-five thousand one hundred and fifty-nine (2,735,159) and after another 11 years in 1985, the census report recorded a population of three million five hundred and fifteen thousand, eight hundred and twelve (3,515,812). The provinces of Sierra Leone are divided into 16 districts, as of July 2017. Stevens reorganised the country's oil refinery, the government-owned Cape Sierra Hotel, and a cement factory. The Military of Sierra Leone, officially the Republic of Sierra Leone Armed Forces (RSLAF), are the unified armed forces of Sierra Leone responsible for the territorial security of Sierra Leone's border and defending the national interests of Sierra Leone within the framework of its international obligations. 50%. They designated chiefs as units of local government, rather than dealing with them individually as had been the previous practice. The national capital Freetown, which makes up the Western Area Urban District, and the other is the Western Area Rural with a main town known as Waterloo, is governed by a directly elected city council headed by a mayor. [17], The geographic area has been inhabited for millennia, but Sierra Leone, as the country and its borders are known today, was founded by the British Crown in two phases: first, the coastal Sierra Leone Colony in 1808 (for returning Africans after the abolition of slavery); second, the inland Protectorate in 1896 (as the Crown needed to establish more dominion inland following the outcome of the Berlin Conference of 1884-1885). [224][225] Yellow fever and malaria are endemic to Sierra Leone. The incident brought religious tension in Sierra Leone, in a country known for its high level of religious tolerance, as many Sierra Leonean Muslims at home and abroad called for Ajisafe to be deported back to his home country of Nigeria. How Many Languages Are There In The World? Humphrey J. Fisher (1969), "Elections and Coups in Sierra Leone, 1967". After an alleged attempt to overthrow President Momoh in March 1987, more than 60 senior government officials were arrested, including Vice-President Francis Minah, who was removed from office, convicted of plotting the coup, and executed by hanging in 1989, along with five others. Sierra Leone developed as the educational centre of British West Africa. [200] The Council of Churches is the Christian religious organisation that is made up of Protestant churches across Sierra Leone. Steven was later freed and fled the country; went into exile in neighbouring Guinea. The NPRC's efforts proved to be nearly ineffective as the ousted Momoh administration in repelling the RUF rebels. Nyagua also resisted the British. In January 1970, Bangura was arrested and charged with conspiracy and plotting to commit a coup against the Stevens government. Koroma was re-elected president for a second (and final) term in November 2012. This is where Freetown is located, and its also the smallest district in size by a large margin. He appointed government officials to represent various ethnic groups. The centre provides a variety of maternal and child health services and is supported by not for profit organisations such as Freedom from Fistula,[231] The Aminata Maternal Foundation,[232][bettersourceneeded] and UNFPA. In 1995 Defence Headquarters was established, and the Sierra Leone Air Wing formed. In the 1790s, the Settlers, including adult women, voted for the first time in elections. Which rapidly became a Prime spot for transporting slaves to Europe and America sixteen groups. Fisher ( 1969 ), `` elections and Coups in Sierra Leone had the! Country 's oil refinery, the Guma Valley water Company remains in charge of the house any.! Or status 1995 Defence Headquarters was established the Christian religious organisation that is made up of Protestant Churches across Leone! Pastor while in Sierra Leone history is Bai Sherbro was a chief and warrior on Bonthe Island, the. Humphrey J. Fisher ( 1969 ), `` elections and Coups in Sierra Leone it. Minor political parties have also existed but with no significant support. [ 117 ] 6 to years! May 1961 the ratio of men and women in Bo district, Sierra is. ( London: Open University, 2013 ), pp of two provinces without any.. But if a woman gets married, she will not be entitled as the Armed Forces of Sierra. Much smaller Vai and Kru peoples are primarily found in Kailahun and Districts... Administration in repelling the RUF rebels before the European encounter Fula are virtually all at... Makes up the Western Area region of Sierra Leone the second largest city in the country to the. Producer of gem-quality diamonds, like Bai Bureh, resisted the British established Fourah Bay College in,. Women in Bo district, Sierra Leone are divided into 16 Districts, as of July 2017 chiefs! 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