Harry, her son, was eleven years old. Flagler and Dan Harkness remained friends and business associates and, in 1852, they opened a distillery. The accommodation features a satellite TV. Reynolds, Charles B. Municipal, State, and Federal government officials questioned how many limits they should place on these "Captains of Industry." According to Florida historian Thomas Graham in his book The Awakening of St. Augustine, an acquaintance of the businessman once inquired about whether his judgment was sound when he decided to invest in Florida (one can imagine that they may not have been acquaintances for very long afterward). It supplied kerosene by tank cars that brought the fuel to local markets, and tank wagons then delivered to retail customers, thus bypassing the existing network of wholesale jobbers. Henry Flagler is a famous Entrepreneurwho has a net worth of $60 Million. Flagler is quoted to have responded thusly: "There was once a good church member who had always lived a correct life until well advanced in years. Carrie died at the age of 3. [12], Undeterred, though vilified for the first time by the press, Flagler and Rockefeller continued with their self-reinforcing cycle of buying competing refiners, improving the efficiency of operations, pressing for discounts on oil shipments, undercutting competition, making secret deals, raising investment pools, and buying rivals out. To get a more in-depth narrative of the life of that building complex, visit The Ponce de Leon Hotel's Historical Place profile on our website. Asylum Hospital for crazy people. The Venetian Renaissance style of the church is reflected in the pointed arches and Byzantine dome. This was the case for many wealthy men during the Civil War, including Henry's future business partner, John D. Rockefeller. His grandson Solomon changed the spelling of the surname to Flagler and passed it on to his 11 children. That craze mounted when two months later, Flagler filed for divorce in Dade County and was granted such on August 13th, 1901. They were rightfully concerned about allowing a wildly wealthy individual to have that much control over the public works of St. Augustine. As you go through the . His father, Isaac Flagler, was a Presbyterian minister. There is also a kitchen, equipped with a dishwasher, oven and microwave. To further convince Flagler to continue the railroad to Miami, he was offered land in exchange for laying rail tracks from private landowners, the Florida East Coast Canal and Transportation Company, and the Boston and Florida Atlantic Coast Land Company. One day when very old he went on a drunken spree. Struck by the tragic loss of his eldest daughter and first granddaughter, Henry Flagler sought solace in his business projects and the council of friends like Dr. Andrew Anderson. Not much more is known about Henry Flagler's early life. 101 - 123). 2. [29] Robert Nobel had established his own refining enterprise in the abundant and cheaper Russian oil fields, including the region's first pipeline and the world's first oil tanker. After her husband died, Julia and her children returned to Ft. Dallas and purchased 640 acres on the north shore of the Miami River. He was also a key figure in the development of the Atlantic coast of Florida and founder of the Florida East Coast Railway, much of which he built through convict leasing. They had two daughters, Jennie Louise and Carrie. Henry Morrison Flagler was born on January 2, 1830 in Hopewell, New York. "Historical Person Profile: Henry Flagler." Flagler. He is known as the father of Miami, Florida and also founded Palm Beach, Florida. Ida Alice (ne Shourds) Flagler had been a caregiver for Mary. After finishing the eighth grade at fourteen, Henry followed his half-brother Dan to Ohio. Gainesville, FL. In 1887, Congress created the Interstate Commerce Commission, which was tasked with enforcing equal rates for all railroad freight, but by then Standard depended more on pipeline transport. Augustine. The couple had two daughters, Jennie Louise, born in 1855, and Carrie, born in 1858. Also, on July 28, 2006, a statue of Flagler was unveiled on the southeast steps of Miami's Dade County Courthouse, located on Miami's Flagler Street. Several years later, in 1870, their only son, Henry Harkness Flagler, was born. In the early 1880s, Flagler and Rockefeller created one of their most important innovations. (However, when Harry Flagler was asked about this later, he denied that Ida Alice had ever been his mother's nurse.). She left the millions she inherited to members of her family and to the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. "[24], At that time, many legislatures had made it difficult to incorporate in one state and operate in another. Now, imagine two hundred-plus years have passed. Henry Morrison Flagler was born in Hopewell, New York on January 2nd, 1830 to Isaac Flagler and Elizabeth Caldwell Harkness Flagler. Tail tucked in shame, the destitute Flagler family moved back to Ohio in January of 1866. Over the course of her marriage to Henry Flagler, Ida Alice Shourds is reported to have begun displaying unstable behavior she was rumored to have a temper, and her fondness for lavish parties and attention did not go unnoticed by Gilded Age Society. "The Flagler Pavilion was built across the street at Edgewood for the Flaglers' daughter Elizabeth's 1927 wedding to J. Andrews Harris lll," said Millbrook Historian David Greenwood. After many years of work, it opened on January 10, 1888, and was an instant success. . By the end of the 1870s, Standard was refining over 90% of the oil in the U.S.[15], In 1877, Standard clashed with Thomas A. Scott the president of the Pennsylvania Railroad, its chief hauler. As you can tell, Flagler spared no expense in constructing the Ponce de Leon Hotel, sometimes called 'The Prince of Hotels' by newspapers of the time. He also built the Alcazar Hotel as an overflow hotel for the Ponce de Leon Hotel. He even owned newspapers in Florida. Generally, we are not often able to share specifics about the man himself. By 1852, Henry had saved enough money to become the one-third-owner of the Harkness & Company alongside his half-brother Dan and Dan's uncle Lamon. Pratt's son, Charles Millard Pratt, became Secretary of Standard Oil. Many people were curious about Henry Flagler's decision to launch a new business venture during his twilight years. During the early 1880s, Flagler outsourced the care of young Harry to his half-sister Carrie and daughter Jennie Louise. In June 1870, Flagler and Rockefeller formed Standard Oil of Ohio, which rapidly became the most profitable refiner in Ohio. "Flagler's Magnificent Hotel Ponce de Leon," FL: The Florida Historical Quarterly, Issue 54, Volume 1. His project to connect the east coast of the United States from top to bottom was completed when the first Florida East Coast Railway car pulled into Key West in 1912. 0:58. St. Augustine, Florida Though Flagler and Rockefeller had long maintained a policy of active silence with the press, they decided to make themselves more accessible and responded with conciliatory comments such as "capital and labor are both wild forces which require intelligent legislation to hold them in restriction. However, this building's history is tragic and short. The Hotel Alcazar is now the location of St. Augustine City Hall and the Lightner Museum, and the Casa Monica Hotel is still in business to this day. We Floridians have a very specific image of Henry Flagler in our minds: he is an old man with bright eyes cast in bronze. The same year that she arrived in New York, her doctors insisted that she spend the winter in a kinder climate. [54] Built in 1902 as a wedding present to Mary Lily, Whitehall (now the Flagler Museum) was a 60,000-square-foot (5,600m) winter retreat that established the Palm Beach "season" of about 812 weeks, for the wealthy of America's Gilded Age. He would describe his childhood often as having been 'hungry and cold'. Having bought land for the hotel, Flagler's goal was to build a pleasure palace and turn St. Augustine, Florida, into a 'Winter Newport'. The case can be made that Flagler was the intellectual genius who devised both the overall concepts and the details of the company policies and programs that turned Standard Oil into the most feared, powerful, and profitable company of the 19th and early . Standard Oil had gained an aura of invincibility, always prevailing against competitors, critics, and political enemies. May 17, 2018. Thus began an era of Flagler's life that he never spoke about to the press one of scrimping and scraping. Perhaps those years after the Civil War were what imbued Flagler with his infamously shrewd business practices. Zacharra worked in England for several years before moving to Dutchess County, New York, in 1710. Control of the Flagler fortune largely passed into the hands of Mary Lily Kenan's family of sisters and brother, who survived into the 1960s. His half-brother Daniel had left Hopewell to live and work with his paternal uncle Lamon G. Harkness, who had a store in Republic, Ohio. Tarbell's father had been driven out of the oil business during the South Improvement Company affair. In 1885, Standard Oil moved its corporate headquarters to New York City to the iconic 26 Broadway location. [36] The court ruled that the trust originated in illegal monopoly practices and ordered it to be broken up into 34 new companies. In an overall calculation of America's oil refineries' assets and capital, Standard Oil surpassed all. Immediately, she began taking advantage of the fortune she had married into like any budding socialite, she loved gowns, jewelry, and yachts. His father was Isaac Flagler, a Presbyterian minister and great-grandson of Zacharra Flegler, whose family had emigrated from the German Palatinate region to Holland in 1688. "[40], By 1892, Standard Oil had a monopoly over all oil refineries in the United States. . Flagler renamed it the Hotel Cordova, after the street that it was on. [56][57], When the Department of Justice prosecuted four Flagler employment agents in 1908 for "conspiracy to hold workmen in peonage and slavery," the Flagler-owned The Florida Times-Union and other Florida newspapers depending on the Times-Union for material or owned by Flagler published articles to "influence juries and public opinion." His father was a Presbyterian minister, Isaac Flagler. What kind of a man was Henry Flagler and why do you think this? He was connected with government officials and industry elites. Perhaps fortunately for Smith, he couldn't come up with the funds,[45] so Flagler began construction of the 540-room Ponce de Leon Hotel by himself, but spent several times his original estimate. Standard's most potent weapons against competitors were underselling, differential pricing, and secret transportation rebates. Flagler dredged a channel, built streets, instituted the first water and power systems, and financed the city's first newspaper, The Metropolis. Henry Morrison Flagler was born in 1830 into humble circumstances, his father a Presbyterian minister. He never recovered and died in Palm Beach of his injuries on May 20, 1913 at 83 years of age. He was instrumental in stopping an Al-Qaeda attack on the USS Seahawk battlegroup (which the Watertown was a part of). July, 1975. pg. Henry started spending a great deal more time in Florida, soon claiming the state as his permanent residence. As elated as the couple was to meet their first and only son, her condition made planning for Harry's future feel disturbingly somber. In 1901, U.S. Steel, now controlled by J. Pierpont Morgan, having bought Andrew Carnegie's steel assets, offered to buy Standard's iron interests as well. Resources Rockefeller admitted later, "We realized that public sentiment would be against us if we actually refined all the oil. [citation needed], Needing capital for his new venture, Rockefeller approached Flagler in 1867. If you ask the same question in Florida, most people will have known someone who lives on Flagler Blvd., in Flagler County, or down the road from the Flagler Museum. She endured three more frigid northern winters until in 1881, when at the age of forty-eight, Mary Harkness Flagler died. The rumor mill suspected that this change in priorities was due to Henry's association with one Ida Alice Shourds a red-haired, green-eyed actress who was rumored to have been Mary Harkness Flagler's nursemaid during her final years. "[63], Miami's main east-west street is named Flagler Street and is the main shopping street in Downtown Miami. Birth Name: Henry Flagler Occupation: Entrepreneur Place Of Birth: NY Date Of Birth: January 2, 1830 Date Of Death: May 20, 1913 Cause Of Death: N/A Ethnicity: Unknown Nationality: American Henry Flagler was born on the 2nd of January, 1830. Because he was famous and successful and he made a lot of things in Florida. These certificates became traded by speculators, thus creating the first oil-futures market which effectively set spot market prices from then on. The railroads were fighting fiercely for traffic and, in an attempt to create a cartel to control freight rates, formed the South Improvement Company in collusion with Standard and other oil men outside the main oil centers. Henry Flagler's most monumental accomplishment was realized only a year before he died. St. Augustine city officials and businessmen were mostly grateful that Henry Flagler had chosen their little hamlet to 'please himself' by developing it and filling it with tourists. The family moved as was necessary for Isaac's job, having lived in Virginia and Ohio during Henry's childhood. [7] The partnership eventually grew into the Standard Oil Corporation. During this time he worked to pay back his stepbrother. One of Flagler's other St. Augustine Hotels, the Casa Monica, was originally built by Franklin W. Smith, who built the Villa Zorayda. This conflict created a breach between father and son that lasted until Henry Flagler was on his deathbed. Henry Flagler: A Man of Big Dreams Henry Flagler was born on January 2, 1830. It was Flagler's idea to use the rebate system to strengthen the firm's position against competitors and the transporting enterprises alike. Rockefeller. What happened to Henry Flagler's daughter? Henry Flalger entombed on the right Jennie Louise is currently entombed inside of the church with her infant daughter, Majorie, in her arms. [citation needed], When looking back at Flagler's life, after Flagler's death, George W. Perkins, of J.P. Morgan & Co., reflected, "But that any man could have the genius to see of what this wilderness of waterless sand and underbrush was capable and then have the nerve to build a railroad here, is more marvelous than similar development anywhere else in the world. [25] The public and the press were immediately suspicious of this new legal entity, and other businesses seized upon the idea and emulated it, further inflaming public sentiment. Bowman, Bryan & Kathy Roberts Forde. George Matthews, great-grandson of Henry Morrison Flagler, has served as the Flagler Museum's president for the past 42 years. [13] Eventually, even former antagonists Pratt and Rogers saw the futility of continuing to compete against Standard Oil: in 1874, they made a secret agreement with their old nemesis to be acquired. "The Mary Lily Kenan Conspiracy." New York, NY: Macmillan Publishing Company, 1986. The visionary widow from Ohio bought hundreds of acres at what is now Downtown Miami, moved down on a barge, and eventually convinced railroad man Henry Flagler to extend his new railway to the Miami River by sending him an unusual package. Cutthroat Cruel business man. One of the grain brokers He is known as the father of Miami, Florida, and founded the city of Palm Beach. At least, not yet. After a time, Flagler began to turn over some of his duties at Standard Oil to younger blood. St. Augustine, FL: Flagler College, 2013. Ralph, Julian. 1888: The Ponce de Leon Hotel in St. Augustine, 1888: The Casa Monica/ Cordova Hotel in St. Augustine, 1894: The Royal Poinciana Hotel in Palm Beach (on Lake Worth), 1897: The Royal Palm Hotel on the banks of the Miami River, 1901: The Breakers Hotel in Palm Beach (on the Atlantic Coast). In general, government officials (especially Andrew Anderson) permitted Flagler to widen the roads and to dredge marshes to establish neighborhoods. Flagler also pioneered in the development of Florida as a U.S. vacation centre. (2022) "Historical Person Profile: Henry Flagler." [23] The firm was attacked by journalists and politicians throughout its existence, in part for these monopolistic methods, giving momentum to the antitrust movement. [citation needed], One of the most effective attacks on Flagler and Rockefeller and their firm was the 1905 publication of The History of the Standard Oil Company, by Ida Tarbell, a leading muckraker. Perhaps Henry Flagler already planned that he would need a physician to confirm his wife suffered from insanity. Mary Lily outlived her first husband, Henry Flagler and inherited his huge fortune, married again three years later, and died under suspicious circumstances at aged fifty. Indeed, Flagler's second sojourn to St. Augustine went off without a hitch the recently constructed San Marco hotel accommodated him and Ida Alice well, and he found himself to be amongst peers instead of invalids. He was a founder of Standard Oil. Mary Harkness had been frail since childhood and her father often sent to a boarding school Savannah, Georgia as a means of sparing her from harsh northern winters. Along with the mounting unrest between himself and Ida Alice, Flagler was also butting heads with his son, Harry. By then the trust still had a 70% market share of the refined oil market but only 14% of the U.S. crude oil supply. "[59], In March 1913, Flagler fell down a flight of marble stairs at Whitehall. It soon was doing one tenth of all the petroleum business in the United States. [62], Flagler was entombed in the Flagler family mausoleum at Memorial Presbyterian Church in St. Augustine alongside his first wife, Mary Harkness; daughter, Jenny Louise; and granddaughter, Marjorie. [citation needed], By 1905, Flagler decided that his Florida East Coast Railway should be extended from Biscayne Bay to Key West, a point 128 miles (206km) past the end of the Florida peninsula. Henry Flagler had realized his dream and slipped quietly from this world at his ocean cottage 'Nautalis' on May 20, 1913, in Palm Beach, Florida. In 1869, Henry Flagler began buying out small oil refineries on behalf of John D. Rockefeller, who had it in his mind to monopolize the oil industry in Ohio. His personal dedication to the state of Florida was demonstrated when he began construction on his private residence, Kirkside, in St. Augustine. Ida. [2] Flagler's mother was Elizabeth Caldwell Harkness Flagler, Isaac's third wife and a widow who had a stepson, Stephen V. Harkness, and a son, Daniel M. Harkness, from her marriage to deceased widower David Harkness of Milan, Ohio. He was also a key figure in the development of the eastern coast of Florida along the Atlantic Ocean and was founder of what became the Florida East Coast Railway. He himself is located to the side of them. Commander John Flagler, USN. In less than four months in 1872, in what was later known as "The Cleveland Conquest" or "The Cleveland Massacre", Standard Oil had absorbed 22 of its 26 Cleveland competitors. For a time, Ida Alice and Henry Flagler both stayed and entertained guests within Kirkside, but trouble was on the horizon for Flagler and his second wife. Flagler's wife died shortly after the partnership was formed. A Second Wife and a Second Career. [4], After the failure of his salt business in Saginaw, Flagler returned to Bellevue in 1866 and reentered the grain business as a commission merchant with the Harkness Grain Company. His lifelong interest was in music and its promotion, primarily in New York City. "[27] Over time foreign competition and new finds abroad eroded his dominance. Henry Flagler was born on January 2, 1830, in the little village of Hopewell, in upstate New York, to Elizabeth and Isaac Flagler. Henry Morrison Flagler (January 2, 1830 - May 20, 1913) was an American industrialist and a founder of Standard Oil. In 1853, young Henry followed suit when Lamon Harkness' middle daughter, Mary, became his first wife. Standard Oil grew to become one of the largest shippers of oil and kerosene in the country. This touched off a firestorm of protest from independent oil well owners, including boycotts and vandalism, which eventually led to the discovery of Standard Oil's part in the deal. By the end of this field trip, we hope will you have an understanding of who Henry Flagler was, and the great impact he had on the state of Florida! As success quickly mounted for the young corporation, Flagler began to better provide for his family, moving them to Euclid Avenue in Cleveland, Ohio. In 1853 Mary married Henry Morrison Flagler and together they were parents of three children. Please disable your ad blocker to view the video content. University Press of Florida. An incident that is commonly cited as being 'the straw that broke the camel's back' occurred on one of the Flaglers' expensive yachts (of which the couple had many the Alicia was even named after Ida Alice). For the train, see, Alleged use of convict leasing and debt peonage, Martin, p. 56, quoting Edwin Lefevre, in "Flagler and Florida" from, Joe Knetsch, "The Peonage Controversy and the Florida East Coast Railway,", University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, "Madoff scandal stuns Palm Beach Jewish community", "292: Colonel Joseph D. Potts Leader in the Pennsylvania on LiveAuctioneers", "The Story of Convict Leasing in Florida", "Statutes & Constitution :View Statutes: Online Sunshine", "Slavery Revisited: Peonage in the South", "How slave labor built the state of Florida decades after the Civil War", "Abstracts of Reports of the Immigration Commission, Vol II", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Henry_Flagler&oldid=1125174074, Jennie Louise (March 18, 1855 March 25, 1889), Knetsch, Joe. To add to the tragic circumstances, her baby daughter also died. To learn more about the history of those buildings, visit the Alcazar Hotel Historical Place profile or the Casa Monica Hotel Historical Place profile on our website. When the city was incorporated in 1896, its citizens wanted to honor the man responsible for its growth by naming it "Flagler". On the condition that Anderson get the city's streets paved, Henry Flagler agreed to buy a portion of that land. "Historical Person Profile: Henry Flagler." 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In Palm Beach about the man himself 1881, when at the age of forty-eight, Mary, his! Over some of his injuries on May 20, 1913 at 83 of. Jennie Louise infamously shrewd business practices on a drunken spree New York on January 2, 1830 Isaac. Would describe his childhood often as having been & # x27 ; s wife died shortly after partnership. In another Person Profile: Henry Flagler already henry flagler daughter that he never spoke about to University! Family and to the state of Florida as a U.S. vacation centre Ponce! As having been & # x27 ; Macmillan Publishing Company, 1986 legislatures had it! Style of the church is reflected in the pointed arches and Byzantine dome daughter also....
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