U.S. Dept. Dieter Pohl, Verfolgung und Massenmord in der NS-Zeit 19331945, WBG (Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft), 2003; Rossiiskaia Akademiia nauk. Among the Allied powers, the U.S.S.R. suffered the greatest total number of dead: perhaps 18,000,000. In this uncertain situation, estimates of casualties have generally ranged between 100,000 and 180,000 for Hiroshima, and between 50,000 and 100,000 for Nagasaki. During September and October, the Allied 6th Army Group (U.S. Bonn 1989 P.53 (38,000 during wartime flight; 5,000 in USSR as forced labor and 160,000 in internment camps), The Statistisches Jahrbuch fr die Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1960, pp. This page was last edited on 21 December 2022, at 04:17. e The Eastern Front of World War II was a theatre of conflict between the European Axis powers against the Soviet Union (USSR), Poland and other Allies, which encompassed Central Europe, Eastern Europe, Northeast Europe ( Baltics ), and Southeast Europe ( Balkans) from 22 June 1941 to 9 May 1945. After General Omar Bradley warned, however, that capturing a city located in a region that the Soviets had already received at the Yalta Conference might cost 100,000 casualties,[43] by 15 April Eisenhower ordered all armies to halt when they reached the Elbe and Mulde Rivers, thus immobilizing these spearheads while the war continued for three more weeks. Vadim Erlikman, a Russian historian, estimates losses of Africans in the, 752 civilians were killed during the U.S. air attacks on. Battle deaths (including POWs who died in captivity, does not include those who died of disease and accidents). Krasnoiarskii gos. & Jap. Their advance only slowed down as they encountered regrouped and entrenched German troops in the Vosges Mountains. Deported from annexed territories 194041 380,000 to 390,000 persons, including: Poland 309312,000; Lithuania 17,500; Latvia 17,000; Estonia 6,000; Moldova 22,842. I have amassed quite a collection of recipes from my favorite cookbooks and food magazines, and now, because of all the foodie blogs out there, I am adding more every day! With the Luftwaffe unable to defeat the RAF in the Battle of Britain, the invasion of Great Britain could no longer be thought of as an option. [nb 13]. The estimated breakdown for each Soviet republic of total war dead[10]^AY4. Major German units in the French southwest that had not been committed in Normandy withdrew, either eastwards towards Alsace (sometimes directly across the US 6th Army Group's advance) or into the ports with the intention of denying them to the Allies. Soviet sources list the deaths of 474,967 of the 2,652,672 German Armed Forces, Estimated total Soviet military war dead in 194145 on the. universitet, 2000; (Russian Academy of Sciences). 3133 (they give figure of 300,000 German deaths due to racial, religious and political persecution including 170,000 Jews. Civilian deaths totaled 50-55 million. In addition, 247,000 Austrians lost their lives serving in the army of the Third Reich or were reported missing, and 24,000 civilians were killed during bombing" raids. Military deaths included: 108 dead in the. Universe, Inc. (July 13, 2005). This figure is cited in reference works dealing with World War II. Of the country's total casualties, about 2.1 million were military personnel while 500,000-800,000 were civilians. Colonial forces are not included in these figures. Data from this document is listed in, Schimitzek, Stanislaw, Truth or Conjecture? Total war dead of 357,116; Navy (50,758); Army (144,079); Air Force (69,606); Women's Auxiliary Territorial Service (624); The armed forces of the various nations are treated as single entities, for example the deaths of Austrians, French and foreign nationals of German ancestry in eastern Europe in the. : (Human Losses of the USSR during the Second World War: a collection of articles). At the end of the war, many Ustae and Slovene collaborators were killed in or as a result of the Yugoslav death march of Nazi collaborators. UK casualties include losses of the colonial forces. [242][243], The total war dead in the USSR includes about 1million[244] victims of Stalin's regime. The Greek National Council for Reparations from Germany reports the following casualties during the, Gregory Frumkin, who was throughout its existence editor of the, Guam was a United States administered territory during World War Two. The U.S. Bureau of the Census published a report in 1954 that concluded that Yugoslav war-related deaths were 1,067,000. Sources for total Chinese war dead are divergent and range from 10 to 20million as detailed below. These latter groups were not thought worth much effort and were left "to rot", with the exception of Bordeaux, which was liberated in May 1945 by French forces under General Edgard de Larminat (Operation Venerable).[33]. Demographic Research, Vol. Liudskie poteri v Velikoi Otechestvennoi voine 19411945 gg: Statisticheskoe issledovanie (Human Losses in the Great Patriotic War 19411945 A Statistical Investigation). 22629, journal published by Statistisches Bundesamt Deutschland. Research in Russia since the collapse of the Soviet Union has caused a revision of estimates of Soviet World War II fatalities. Ingo Haar, "Hochgerechnetes Unglck, Die Zahl der deutschen Opfer nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg wird bertrieben", Rdiger Overmans- "Personelle Verluste der deutschen Bevlkerung durch Flucht und Vertreibung". The Eastern Front, which stretched from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Black Sea in the south, was more than twice as long as the Western Front. 1939 German Soldiers With Time To Spare Thresh Wheat In France Ww2 Photo 7X9 . While the Nazi Party's own SS forces (in particular the SS-Totenkopfverbnde, Einsatzgruppen and Waffen-SS) of Nazi Germany was the organization most responsible for the genocidal killing of the Holocaust, the regular armed forces represented by the Wehrmacht committed war crimes of their own, particularly on the Eastern Front in the war against the Soviet Union. Veritable and Grenade were planned to start on 8 February 1945, but Grenade was delayed by two weeks when the Germans flooded the Roer valley by destroying the gates of the Rur Dam upstream. MacDonald, C (2005), The Last Offensive: The European Theater of Operations. [246] Since 1990 Russian scholars have been given access to the Soviet-era archives and have published data on the numbers of people executed and those who died in Gulag labor camps and prisons. western front ww2 casualties. Military figures include battle deaths (KIA) and personnel missing in action (MIA), as well as fatalities due to accidents, disease and deaths of prisoners of war in captivity. Bonn 1989 P.41 (100,000 during wartime flight; 200,000 in USSR as forced labor and 100,000 in internment camps), Wirtschaft und Statistik October 1956, Journal published by Statistisches Bundesamt Deutschland. The sources for the casualties of the individual nations do not use the same methods, and civilian deaths due to starvation and disease make up a large proportion of the civilian deaths in China and the Soviet Union. Werner Gruhl estimates China's total war losses at 15,554,000, Civilians :12,392,000 including (8,191,000) due to the Japanese brutality and military dead 3,162,000. (2005) The German government issued a report listing total war dead of 7,375,800 (3,100,000 soldiers killed; 1,200,000 soldiers missing; 500,000 civilians killed in bombing raids; 2,251,500 civilian victims of expulsions and deportations; 24,300 Austrian civilians killed and 300,000 victims of Nazi racial, religious or political persecution. Starting in early September, the Americans began slow and bloody fighting through the Hurtgen Forest ("Passchendaele with tree bursts"Hemingway) to breach the Line. Retrieved 4 March 2016. Advancing from northern Italy, the British Eighth Army[a] pushed to the borders of Yugoslavia to defeat the remaining Wehrmacht elements there. 105657, Table 607. Hellmuth Auerbach: Opfer der nationalsozialistischen Gewaltherrschaft. Bonn 1989 pp. [195][196], The following figures are from The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust, the authors maintain that "statistics on Gypsy losses are especially unreliable and controversial. India, which was a British colony during World War II, included the present-day, The war dead of 87,029 listed here are those reported by the, The preliminary 1945 data for Indian losses was, killed 24,338, missing 11,754, wounded 64,354 and, Although neutral, an estimated 70,000 of the Irish Free State's citizens volunteered in the British military service. Mark Axworthy. R. J. Rummel estimates the civilian victims of Japanese democide at 5,964,000. [Tokyo], 1949, pp. [39], The US 12th Army Group fanned out, and the First Army went north as the southern pincer of the Ruhr encirclement. Military deaths from all causes totaled 2125million, including deaths in captivity of about 5million prisoners of war. A Russian historian in a handbook of human losses in the 20th century has provided the following assessment of Bulgarian casualties:Military deaths: 2,000 military Axis occupation forces in Yugoslavia and Greece; 10,124 dead, Military casualties with the pro-Japanese, Library and Archives Canada puts military losses at 44,090 (24,525 Army, 17,397 Air Force, 2,168 Navy. Losses of about 10,000 in the German Armed Forces are not included in these figures, they are included with German military casualties. Moscow, Nauka, 1993; S. N. Mikhalev, Liudskie poteri v Velikoi Otechestvennoi voine 19411945 gg: Statisticheskoe issledovanie, Krasnoiarskii gos. American military dead#^BF1, The reasons for the high human toll in Yugoslavia were as follows of Commerce) Washington 1953. p. 43 The U.S. Commerce Dept. [603] Civilian losses were due to the sinking of the. The figures for these losses are currently disputed, estimates of the total deaths range from 500,000 to 2,000,000. Total losses were 420,000 British, 200,000 French . Wiesbaden, Distribution: F. Steiner, 1961, p. 32, Statistisches Jahrbuch fr die Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1960 Bonn 1961 p. 78, available online at. , , ed. According to Sergei Maksudov, a Russian demographer living in the west, the population of the territories annexed by the USSR was 23million less the net population transfers out of 3million persons who emigrated from the USSR including 2,136,000 Poles who left the USSR; 115,000 Polish soldiers of the, Polish sources put the number of refugees from the. [258], The following is a summary of the data from the Soviet archives: [254] Michael Haynes and Rumy Husun accept the figures from the Soviet archives as being an accurate tally of Stalin's victims, they maintain that the demographic data depicts an underdeveloped Soviet economy and the losses in World War Two rather than indicating a higher death toll in the Gulag labor camps. According to the Czechoslovak State Statistical Office the population at 1/1/1939 (within post war 19451992 borders) was 14,612,000. A discussion of the famine in Java during 194445, leads Pierre van der Eng to conclude that 2.4million Indonesians perished. 1993; China's Anti-Japanese War Combat Operations. Schramm put the total at 4,188,057. by Konrad Adenauer. Total missing and POW were 341,765 (283,322 with Axis and 58,443 with Allies), only about 80,000 survived Soviet captivity. Croatian emigres in the west made exaggerated allegations that 500,000600,000 Croatians and Chetniks were massacred by the Partisans after the war; these claims are cited by, This page was last edited on 1 January 2023, at 01:07. A joint CzechGerman Historical Commission determined that between 15,000 and 30,000 Germans perished in the expulsions. Sakhalin, the Aleutian, and Kuril Islands: 8,200, 3,200, (11,400) The OKW retained a substantial reserve of such mobile divisions also, but these were dispersed over a large area: the 1st SS Panzer Division Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler was still Netherlands, the 12th SS Panzer Division Hitlerjugend and the Panzer-Lehr Division were located in the ParisOrleans area, since the Normandy coastal defence sectors or (Kstenverteitigungsabschnitte KVA) were considered the most likely areas for an invasion. At 4,188,057. by Konrad Adenauer million were military personnel while 500,000-800,000 were civilians Otechestvennoi voine gg! 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